Booleans and Conditionals Notes and Hacks
- Lesson Overview: 3.5 - Boolean Expressions
- Lesson Overview: 3.6 - Conditionals
- Analyzing Code Walkthrough
Lesson Overview: 3.5 - Boolean Expressions
- Here we will focus on:
- basics of Booleans
- its relationship with binary
- relational operators
- Logical Operators
What is a boolean?
- A data type with two possible values: true or false
Boolean and Binary
So similar yet so different.
- Boolean math and binary notation both use the same two ciphers: 1 and 0.
- However, please note that Boolean quantities are restricted to a singlular bit (can only be either 1, or 0)
- On the otherhand, binary numbers may be composed of many bits adding up in place-weighted form to any finite value, or size
Must Knows
- A Boolean value is either TRUE or FALSE
- The AP Exam will provide you with a reference sheet with the operators listed.
- With the grades below, use a boolean expression to determine if the average grade is above an 80 and print the result (True or False)
- Try it in as few steps as possible!
- Be creative! There are obviously TONS of different practical solutions
grade1 = 90
grade2 = 65
grade3 = 60
grade4 = 75
grade5 = 95
grade6 = grade1 + grade2 + grade3 + grade4 + grade5
grade7 = grade6 / 5
print ("Average Grade:", grade7)
if grade7 > 80:
print ("True")
else:
print ("False")
print("100 == 100:",100==100)
print("Hello == Adios:","greeting"=="farewell")
print("Hello != Adios:","greeting"!="farewell")
print("Hello == Hola:","greeting"=="greeting")
print("5>=4:", 5>=4)
print ('')
# Notice that relational operators can even work on lists!
# For lists, the relational operator compares each respective component until an answer is derived
print("['a','b','c'] > ['x','y','z']:", ['a','b','c'] > ['x','y','z'])
print("[1,2,3,5] > [1,2,3,4]:", [1,2,3,5] > [1,2,3,4])
print("[1,2,3,5] < [1,2,3,4]:", [1,2,3,5] < [1,2,3,4])
print("[1,2,3,5] == [1,2,3,4]:", [1,2,3,5] == [1,2,3,4])
Logical Operators!
These types of operators don't necessarily deal with equivalent/non-equivalent values, but they rather work on operands to produce a singular boolean result
- AND : returns TRUE if the operands around it are TRUE
- OR : returns TRUE if at least one operand is TRUE
- NOT : returns TRUE if the following boolean is FALSE
print("1 > 2 or 5 < 12:", 1 > 2 or 5 < 12)
# Output TRUE using OR ^
# Output FALSE using NOT
print("24 > 8:", not 24 > 8)
# Output FALSE using AND
print("10 > 20:", 10 > 20 and 20 < 10)
x = 20
y = 10
if x > y:
print("x is greater than y")
x = 0
y = 10
if x > y:
print("x is greater than y")
else:
print("x is not greater than y")
num1 = 100
num2 = 200
sum = num1 + num2
if sum == 200:
print("200")
else:
print(sum)
- Nested conditional statements consist of conditional statements within other conditional statements
- Utilizes "if else" statements within "if else" statements
score = 82
if (score >= 90)
{
console.log("You got an A, congrats!")
}
else
{
if (score >= 75)
{
console.log("Please come to retake up to a 90 next week at tutorial!")
}
else
{
console.log("You have detention!")
}
}
protein = 25
carbs = 36
sugar = 11
if (carbs >= 55 || protein <= 20 || sugar >= 15)
{
console.log("Your lunch is too unhealthy, please pick a new one")
}
else
{
if (carbs < 35 || protein < 25)
{
console.log ("This lunch is alright but try to add some more carbs or protein")
}
else
{
if (sugar >= 11)
{
console.log ("Looks great but lets see if we can cut down on sugar, we don't want diabetes!")
}
else
{
console.log ("Amazing, you created a healthy lunch!!!")
}
}
}
Writing Nested Code Activity
- Write a program that fits these conditions using nested conditionals:
- If a person has at least 8 hours, they are experienced
- If a person is experienced their salary is 90k, if they have ten hours or above their salary 150k
- If a person is inexperienced their salary is always 50k
- print the salary of the person at the end and whether they are experienced or not
hours = 9
if (hours >= 8)
{
if (hours >= 10)
{
console.log("Congrats, you are experienced!")
salary = 150000
}
else
{
console.log("Congrats, you are experienced!")
salary = 90000
}
}
else
{
console.log("You suck, you are unexperienced!")
salary = 50000
}
console.log("Salary =",salary, "dollars");
Hacks Assignments:
Conditionals:
- Write a program that fits these conditions using nested conditionals:
- If the product is expired, print "this product is no good"
- If the cost is above 50 dollars, and the product isn't expired, print "this product is too expensive"
- If the cost is 25 dollars but under 50, and the product isn't expired, print "this is a regular product"
- If the cost is under 25 dollars, print "this is a cheap product"
expired = false
cost = 75
if (expired == false)
{
if (cost > 50)
{
console.log("This product is too expensive!")
}
else
{
if (cost < 25)
{
console.log("This is a cheap product!")
}
else
{
console.log("This is a regular product!")
}
}
}
else
{
console.log("this product is no good!")
}
Boolean/Conditionals:
- Create a multiple choice quiz that ...
- uses Boolean expressions
- uses Logical operators
- uses Conditional statements
- prompts quiz-taker with multiple options (only one can be right)
- has at least 3 questions
- Points will be awarded for creativity, intricacy, and how well Boolean/Binary concepts have been intertwined
quiz = {"Who is the Teacher of APCSP Period 3?":["a. Sean Yeung","b. John Mortensen", "c. Sunny Naidu", "d. Brian Shultz"], "Which coin has the most value?":["a. Quarter", "b. Dime","c. Nickel", "d. Penny"]
, "What is the legal age to drink alcohol in the U.S.?":["a. 18","b. 19", "c. 20", "d. 21"], "What is 9 plus 10?":["a. 21","b. 76", "c. 19", "d. 32"]}
# for the answers, used the question as the key and the multiple choice letter as the value
answers = {"Who is the Teacher of APCSP Period 3?":"b", "Which coin has the most value?":"a", "What is the legal age to drink alcohol in the U.S.?":"d", "What is 9 plus 10?":"c"}
count = 0
# iterating through the dictonary's keys and values
for k,v in quiz.items():
# printing the key and it's values
print(k)
print(*v, sep = '\n')
# taking the user input for the answer, entering ab
user_input = input("Enter Your Answer")
# comparing that with the answer's value
if(answers.get(k)==user_input):
# incrementing the count
count = count +1
# printing the user's score
print('You got', count, 'correct answers')